How Does Pick n Pay Address Inclusivity?

How Does Pick n Pay Address Inclusivity? What social duty exercises does Pick N Pay partake in? Presentation: For organizations examines this year we have been given the assignment of picking organizations we will assess on their corporate social obligation and moral conduct. This auxiliary exploration venture will dissect the corporate administration that the JSE (privately owned businesses) maintain. All organizations are a piece of a bigger holding gathering and submit to specific codes, rules and morals. Our point is to choose which organization between the two we have picked is better represented. Dynamic: This assignment expects us to pick and consider the corporate administration that the JSE recorded organizations maintain. Examination and proof will be gathered to demonstrate our examination. An end will be made with regards to what degree and which of the two organizations is better represented by and large. Technique: This task required a great deal of examination and along these lines bunches of time was spent on the web looking into all the important data. My primary data originated from the web destinations of the two organizations, Spur and Pick n Pay. Both site pages were exceptionally valuable and given me their crucial vision. I additionally visited a Pick n Pay store and more data was gathered there. I additionally utilized my own insight into the two organizations as I have grown up monitoring both Spur and Pick n Pay and as a family we regularly shop at Pick n Pay stores. Selection of Companies: Pick n Pay: Picking Pick n Pay as the general retailer I would concentrate on for this venture was exceptionally simple. Ordinary families purchase items from various retail locations to be specific Checkers, Spar, Woolworths and Pick n Pay. Since we are so engaged with these shops and have such a constrained decision of retail food stores I figured it is intriguing to see their commitment to corporate social obligation. A ton of purchasers are uninformed of an organizations behind the scene moral practices and I think it is significant one understands the importance of huge gatherings like The Pick n Pay Holdings constrained gathering to offer back to the network and add to maintainable tasks. On account of such a wide scope of socio-practical issues in Africa organizations need to concentrate on them and have the option to support that venture. I have heard a great deal about Pick n Pay commitments to society and regularly are presented to it by visiting their shops (handkerchiefs available to be purchased for the sunflower subsidize). CSR hugy affects the organizations open picture and I needed to research why individuals would or would not have any desire to help Pick n Pay as their market. Presentation into businesss miniaturized scale condition: A sound strategic: We serve With our souls we make an extraordinary spot to be With our brains we make a brilliant spot to shop Key qualities: We sustain administration and vision, and prize development We are energetic about our clients and will battle for their privileges We care for, and regard one another We assume singular liability We bolster and take part in our networks We are altogether responsible We live by genuineness and uprightness (Mysterious n.d) The Pick n Pay Store restricted board runs on a level hierarchical structure and has the general duty of the considerable number of stores. The board comprises of eight non-official chiefs and five official executives. Operational duty is split into three primary gatherings: The Pick n Pay retail division, the Group ventures division and the Franklin division. Every division has its own administration board and they, as the board individuals accept this structure permits neighborhood activities to decide, be responsible for their activities and develop by and by. Level hierarchical structure: A few people in the lower levels are given greater duty and less chiefs are required Ranking director Center directors Laborers The organization likewise puts stock in decentralization and this implies each store is answerable for all that they do, including spending plans, showcasing and activities. Every business is answerable for all that they do yet show generally to the leading body of the Pick n Pay Holding restricted gathering The board is helped by gatherings of specific individuals, one of which is the corporate administration bunch which guarantees all the right structures are in accordance with both national and global norms and are proper and successful Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability: Definition: Corporate social duty: CSR is about how organizations deal with the business procedures to deliver a general positive effect on society. (Pastry specialist n.d.) Since 2005 Pick n Pay have distributed a yearly report to provide for providers, clients and representatives. This concentrations and is committed exclusively to their Corporate Social obligation and supportability designs just as the expanding consideration clients are putting on organizations to be socially duty. Pick n Pay has a devoted General Manger, Tessa Chamberlin whose particular undertaking is to guarantee that their maintainable techniques arrive at their maximum capacity. Related to this Pick N Pay, in 1990 propelled their green scope of items AND finished its first ecological review. Not exclusively Pick n Pay center around effort and network contribution, they are worried about the maintainability of where there food items and fixings originate from. Pick n Pay are additionally included and are one of the fundamental backers in the carbon exposure venture which is planned for developing and preparing natural items. In 2007 Pick n Pay contributed R47 million on social ac tivities. Pick N Pay endeavor to be down to earth on there way to deal with there obligation to their purchasers and networks in which they work. Pick n Pay points: Figuring a dream and activity plan that is reasonable Designating a General Manager that advances economical turn of events R30 million throughout the following 3 years to energize wide based dark monetary strengthening Interests in advancing staff preparing and advancement Investigating some of there other CSR which incorporates (Broader social obligation): Exercises to decrease our effect on the earth: Undertakings to save vitality and water utilization A waste, vitality and water appraisal study . Activities to diminish the effects of transportation All coolants containing CFCs have been halted. Exploring further bundling to diminish squander created Elective privately delivered, and all the more ecologically inviting Green Bag shopping packs are made accessible to customers. Corporate social speculation: All out consumption on CSI : R46 million Concentrating on training and education; innovative turn of events; access to essential human services; help to the debilitated, road youngsters, Aids victims; HIV/Aids avoidance and bolster programs; street wellbeing; lodging; taking care of plans; and supporting different games. (Advertising division of Pick n Pay n.d.) Battles like the Sunflower Fund for the bone marrow library, the Kids in Parks activity; and the Pick n Pay School Club program. The Board of chiefs, the executives and all workers are focused on an elevated requirement of corporate administration. Pick n Pay invest heavily in good and moral business norms. The Pick n Pay Holdings Limited gathering is focused on straightforward strategic policies. The Board is focused on going along in every single material regard with the standards contained in the King II report, just as to the extra necessities for good corporate administration specified in the JSE SRI Index. (Advertising division of Pick n Pay n.d.) Lord II Report on Corporate Governance Lord II states: The Board is answerable for the absolute procedure of hazard the executives, just as for shaping an assessment on the adequacy of the procedure; The Board should set the hazard system arrangements in contact with official executives, and senior administration; The Board must choose the companys craving or capacity to bear hazard; The Board should utilize commonly perceived hazard the executives and interior control models and structures so as to keep up a sound arrangement of hazard the board and inward control to give sensible confirmation with respect to the accomplishment of hierarchical goals; and The Board is answerable for guaranteeing a methodical, reported evaluation of the procedures and results encompassing key dangers is attempted, in any event every year, to make its open articulation. (Promoting division of Pick n Pay n.d.) Is it Sustainable? Albeit a great deal of Pick n Pays CSR is contributing cash towards different causes and associations, I think they are additionally exceptionally engaged with the network. They do numerous activities that run once in a year for instance the children in parks venture referenced over, the Sunflower Fund for the bone marrow library, the Quadriplegic Association of South Africa (QASA) and the Pick n Pay School Club program. Anyway every one of these activities are with - standing and are for the most part despite everything working today in the public arena. Financial issues and methodologies utilized: In spite of the fact that Pick n Pay do a great deal of CSR I have chosen to concentrate on one explicit task. Pick n Pay are associated with corporate social obligation and address practically all financial issues including training, neediness, the earth, sponsorship for games and maladies like malignant growth (sunflower support) I have picked a venture called Kids in Parks which Pick n Pay has been engaged with and a backer of for 5years. This venture involves both natural and nearby network social obligation and subsequently addresses both ecological and oppressed kids/destitution issues. The Kids in Parks activity utilizes cash from plastic sack deals at Pick n Pay. R1 from each R5 pack sold is given to an uncommon natural reserve which is currently the monetary help for the Kids in Parks venture. On account of the 2003 enactment set up by government individuals currently need to purchase plastic packs. Buyers are progressively mindful of the significance of keeping sacks to re-use and accordingly

Financial Inclusion Essay

Job of Government in budgetary incorporation Abstract:- This examination paper contains the full data about the money related consideration of the world’s monetary. In this examination paper we portray the money related consideration essential importance, definitions, scope and centrality. Presently we move towards the second stage which incorporate job of government and job of banks in money related consideration. we additionally incorporate the changes that has been finished by the administration and the other government associations . We likewise incorporate the fundamental article that has been given by the various pastors about budgetary consideration and its change. Budgetary Inclusion Meaning: Financial consideration is a strategy received by numerous nations to remember more individuals for the money related set up of the nation. It targets handling neediness and hardship in the nation. In basic terms money related consideration alludes to making the fund or the budgetary/banking part increasingly open to individuals. For instance: Debit cards, web banking and direct charge offices are presently normal, helpful and modest methods of paying for products and enterprises. However there are still individuals who are rejected from utilizing these administrations. Individuals who are missing out as they can't exploit the advantages offered by the scope of monetary items accessible. In creating and poor nations like Bangladesh, Nepal, Afgan and so forth there are numerous individuals who don't have a financial balance or who can't exploit the credits and store benefits offered by banks because of different reasons like absence of information, dread, absence of closeness and so on. Today, individual obligation is at a record igh and getting without a financial balance implies utilizing high intrigue moneylenders. A considerable lot of the individuals in this position live in our least fortunate networks and end up without decision or access to essential monetary administrations, making it significantly progressively hard to track down courses out of neediness. Defination: Financial Inclusion is the conveyance of banking administrations at moderate expenses to huge areas of impeded and low salary gatherings. Intemperate access to open merchandise and ventures is the sine qua non of an open and productive society. It is contended that as banking administrations are in the idea of open great, it is basic that accessibility of banking and installment administrations to the whole populace without separation is the prime target of open approach. The term Financial Inclusion has picked up significance since the mid 2000s, and is a consequence of discoveries about Financial Exclusion and its immediate relationship to neediness. Money related Inclusion is presently a typical target for some national banks among the creating countries. Money related Inclusion in India The Reserve Bank of India arrangement a commission (Khan Commission) in 2004 to investigate Financial Inclusion and the suggestions of the commission were consolidated into the Mid-term audit of the strategy (2005-06). In the report RBI urged the keeps money with a perspective on accomplishing more noteworthy Financial Inclusion to make accessible a fundamental â€Å"no-frills† banking account. In India, Financial Inclusion previously included in 2005, when it was presented, that, as well, from a pilot venture in UT of Pondicherry, by K C Chakraborthy, the administrator of Indian Bank. Mangalam Village turned into the first town in Quite a while where all family units were given financial offices. Notwithstanding this KYC (Know your Customer) standards were loose for individuals expecting to open records with yearly stores of not as much as Rs. 50, 000. General Credit Cards (GCC) were given to poor people and the hindered so as to assist them with getting to simple credit. In January 2006, the Reserve Bank allowed business banks to utilize the administrations of non-legislative associations (NGOs/SHGs), miniaturized scale money foundations and other common society associations as mediators for giving monetary and banking ervices. These middle people could be utilized as business facilitators (BF) or business journalists (BC) by business banks. The bank asked the business banks in various areas to begin a 100% Financial Inclusion battle on a pilot premise. Because of the battle states or U. T. s like Puducherry, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala have reported 100% money r elated incorporation in the entirety of their regions. Hold Bank of India’s vision for 2020 is to open almost 600 million new customers’ records and administration them through an assortment of channels by utilizing on IT. Nonetheless, absence of education and the low salary investment funds and absence of bank offices in provincial regions keep on being a barrier to money related consideration in numerous states. Aside from this there are sure in Current model which is followed. There is insufficient legitimate and money related structure. India being a for the most part agrarian economy barely has plans which loan for farming. Alongside Microfinance we have to concentrate on Micro protection as well. The extent of money related consideration The extent of budgetary incorporation can be extended in two different ways. ) through state-driven mediation by method of legal authorizations ( for example the US model, the Community Reinvestment Act and making it a legal option to have ledger in France). b) through willful exertion by the financial network itself for advancing different procedures to bring inside the ambit of the financial segment the enormous layers of society. At the point when investors do n't concentrate on specific zones, the controllers need to step in to cure the circumstance. This is the motivation behind why the Reserve Bank of India is putting a great deal of accentuation on money related incorporation. In India the focal point of the money related incorporation at present is kept to guaranteeing an absolute minimum access to a reserve funds ledger without ruffles, to all. Globally, the budgetary prohibition has been seen in an a lot more extensive point of view. Having a current record/bank account all alone, isn't viewed as an exact marker of budgetary consideration. There could be numerous degrees of budgetary consideration and avoidance. At one extraordinary, it is conceivable to distinguish the ‘super-included’, I. e. , those clients who are effectively and steadily sought by the monetary ervices industry, and who have available to them a wide scope of budgetary administrations and items. At the other extraordinary, we may have the monetarily prohibited, who are denied access to even the most essential of money related items. In the middle of are the individuals who utilize the financial administrations just for stores and withdrawals of cash. Be that as it may, th ese people may have just limited access to the money related framework, and may not appreciate the adaptability of access offered to progressively well-to-do clients. Steps towards monetary consideration

Arthur Miller's The Death Of A Salesman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arthur Miller's The Death Of A Salesman - Essay Example In spite of the fact that these made impacts that are upsetting, the entire creation doesn't verge on being silly. The blends of these impressions were adequately used in the play so as to uncover the thoughts of self-trickiness and deception. The play recounts Willy who chooses not to move on to get away from the money related difficulty he faces. Willy has a mistaken and rather odd idea of accomplishment, which for him requires just riches and notoriety. Linda, Willy Loman's better half, attempts to convince herself that her life partner is mentally fit. Willy's bind influences his two children therefore - Happy who wants to wait in the dreamland built by Willy - and Biff who in the end needs to disconnect himself from this hallucination and acknowledge the truth of Willy's issues which incorporate his issue, his crumbling profession, and the family's horrendous monetary condition. Willy's problem is depicted in this incredible introduction produce by Miss O Productions. Eddie Jones as Willy drives the many convincing exhibitions. Jones has positively gone past the burdening necessities of this massive character. As Willy, Jones is particularly captivating which made his depiction interestingly persuading. Despite the fact that Jones oozed a highbrow form of the job, this cerebral portrayal of Willy didn't obstruct him from distinguishing successfully with Loman's persona. Jones was surely Willy embodied. Ivan Baccarat and Aaron McPherson play the jobs of Biff and Happy, Willy's hasty and hopeless children. Both are splendid on-screen characters whose charitable communication effectively persuades the crowd. The solid and decided character of Linda is played by Anne Gee Byrd who here and there showed weakness. This slightness becomes Ms Byrds quality, truth be told, as the crowd neglected to accommodate her in any sort of cliché conduct. Linda was answerable for keeping Willy from seeking after his fantasy in Alaska, and Ms Byrd passed on an irregular insinuation of disappointment, which came about to Willy's stigmatizing upheavals toward her progressively fathomable. Jeremy Shouldis and Bob Machray are immaculate in the jobs as Bernard and Uncle Ben, and Alan Charof is a champion exhibition for the job of Willy's companion Charley. As Arthur Miller changed the way which contemporary plays were built - including dazzling scenes and moves in time - as when Willy's past mix with the present in practically amicable excellence, this development can't be copied effectively in its most liquid structure. In any case, the set for this creation fit the play brilliantly; the set architects built space as translucent as the play's smoothness of time. The set structure was sufficiently and creatively arranged however at times produces an impact of mistiness. The dividers and shades offer an unflinching solidness which appears differently in relation to the trancelike arrangement of the play. The creation is loaded with mystical scenes underlined by the glimmer of the lights. In the initial scene, Biff discusses his fantasies about possessing a farm while Linda reveals to her young men about her significant other's extraordinary worth. Ben at that point enters, in the midst of the fun loving gleam of the light - its shades stressing this outstanding passageway. In any case, there are likewise occasions where prompts plunge, lines don't come simple, arranging is bleak, smoothness is unpredictable and entertainers lose balance on the phase in the midst of the

Liberalism remains hugely influential in British Politics Essay

Radicalism remains immensely compelling in British Politics, shaping the worth frameworks and approaches of all the standard political parties.’ Discuss. The prime focal point of Liberalism is opportunity and freedom; the kind of freedom they make progress toward depends, nonetheless, on which of the two sorts of Liberalism is being alluded to. Right off the bat; old style Liberalism, having confidence in negative opportunity and dynamic Liberalism inclining more towards positive opportunity. I would contend that Liberalism does in any case have an impact in British legislative issues; anyway I would not venture to state that it is ‘hugely’ persuasive. Right off the bat, I would layout that the Labor Party is potentially minimal liberal in their political methodology. Their pronouncement doesn't set out numerous liberal approaches because of their practical position. The way that Labor is generally a respectably communist gathering, focusing on balance inside society and consequently, they would guide away from the free-market and restricted government mediation moves toward that dissidents may take to legislative issues. The restricted government that Classical nonconformists see as perfect would not interest the Labor party as they make progress toward the equity of their residents and would feel that they have to force approaches, for example, their arrangement on lodging set out in their 2010 statement ‘No stamp obligation for first-time purchasers on all house buys underneath  £250,000 for a long time, paid for by a five percent rate on homes worth more than  £1 million.’ This strategy demonstrates a communist side to New Labor, featuring a ‘from each as per his capacity, to each as per his need’ belief system inside Labor legislative issues. Nonetheless, dynamic radicalism might be believed to have had a greater amount of an effect on Labor Party legislative issues. The way that the Labor party has confidence in forcing approaches of equity on society suggests that they esteem positive opportunity. Approaches set forward, for example, the Equality Bill; which has been defended as a combination measure bringing various strands of hostile to separation law together while executing EU mandates; feature the controlled part of the Labor party’s balance system. It could be contended that previously, parts of Liberalism, albeit neither genuinely Classical or Progressive, for example, Neo-Liberalism have impacted British governmental issues just as the arrangements and worth frameworks of the Conservative party specifically. During Thatcher’s time in office, she featured a perfect of a down to business intends to advance. The Thatcherite Conservative gathering considered Neo-To be as an undeniable method to adjust to the continually changing nature of present day political idea. Tony Blair’s New Labor could likewise be viewed as a Neo-Liberal third route government, on both a social and financial scale. The present Conservative gathering be that as it may, appear to be essentially less influenced by Liberalism. Ostensibly, the free-advertise beliefs that Cameron seems to hold are viewed as Neo-Liberal; be that as it may, it is obvious that in the present alliance government that Britain is right now drove by, this free-showcase and Neo-Liberal way of thinking has been restricted to the catch-all requests of standard legislative issues. This is clear in Conservative monetary arrangements, for example, that set forward in their 2010 pre-general political decision show: ‘A five percent pay cut for Ministers followed by a five-year freeze, and a 10 percent decrease in the quantity of MPs.’ This approach in itself shows how Cameron’s Conservative gathering are attempting to speak to the majority in controlling the compensation of priests. This doesn't really mean a free-advertise way to deal with the economy and doesn't play into the meritocratic qualities that host been found in the Conservative gathering before. It could likewise be contended in any case, that progressively unmistakable financial approaches set forward in the Conservative pronouncement pre-2010 have indicated that Cameron’s Conservatives are advancing toward the Neo-Liberal, Thatcherite belief system that the Conservative party once had. In spite of the fact that this might not have been the situation when Cameron first turned into the pioneer of the Conservative party in 2005, parts of his party’s general political race proclamation in 2010, for example, ‘Reduce government assistance dependency’ and ‘Stopping charge credits to families with wages over  £50,000’ have demonstrated to have indicated the party’s move back towards Thatcherite monetary legislative issues. These approaches show a move back towards meritocratic culture and an unmistakable advance away from the ‘something for nothing’ culture that has developed in present day Britain. At last, the Liberal Democrats; both by name and naturally; are seemingly more affected by Liberalism than some other standard ideological group. Dynamic Liberalism can be seen obviously in specific parts of their ongoing approaches, on instruction for instance: ‘Cutting class sizes to guarantee youngsters get the individual consideration they need.’ This is a fine case of how the Liberal Democrats might want to force positive freedom and opportunity on its residents; playing hooky sizes would build singular consideration and along these lines seemingly make more opportunity and freedom for students in the long haul. It could likewise be contended nonetheless, that the Liberal Democrats are not, at this point such a liberal gathering, however to a greater extent a third way ideological group; much like the Conservative and Labor parties who have moved towards the focal point of political beliefs and qualities so as to likewise turn out to be more ‘catch-all’ and claim to the majority. Taking everything into account, I would contend that comprehensively Liberalism isn't colossally persuasive in British governmental issues all in all and doesn't really form the worth frameworks and approaches of all the standard ideological groups. In any case, I would contend that radicalism despite everything stays compelling in certain particular pieces of each party’s approaches and worth frameworks; accordingly staying a powerful power, to a degree, in British governmental issues.

Twilight commentary

I have composed a film audit on the film; Twilight. The purpose behind this was expected to getting a charge out of composing a piece that had this specific sort. This piece is focused on develop young ladies from the age of 16, because of the language I have utilized, they would locate this intriguing. The basic role of my composing is to educate and the auxiliary reason for existing is to Entertain. Language in correlation for my model content to my film survey is exceptionally huge. Word classes were visit all through. Conceptual things were utilized, for example, ‘love'. Relational words ‘the grant winning' and determiners are likewise utilized, ‘her new life in forks'. The sentence structure chiefly utilized complex sentences all through; due to having a full grown crowd. The film audit additionally influences lexis; the content is high in convention and is as an outsider looking in. The semantic field of my film audit is love and vampires. There are likenesses in the model content and contrasts, because of the crowd being increasingly inspired by my film survey. I have changed the talk by having an alternate kind, mine is a sentimental dream and my model content is a frightfulness dream. I additionally talked about the executive, just as really expounding on the two fundamental characters rather than pretty much the film. Things the same to my model content ‘Watchmen' were, beginning the content with similar sounding word usage, ‘the time' the model content had ‘travelling towards'. Both discussion about the class of the film. The climate is portrayed in both also. Passages are generally genuinely brief and both discussion about the film and novel adjustments. Graphology is significant. It was extremely similar to the model content. There was a principle picture. This was enormous; it gave perusers data about the film. Imagery was utilized to show who claimed the survey. This was brilliant and appealing. Typography was put upon the image to give the perusers' data about the rating. Striking composing was incorporated, ensuring that the perusers recognized what the image appeared, it was additionally utilized for demonstrating significant data. A diagram on the expectations expected for the crowds' responses was utilized, just as little adverts for different motion pictures. There is a semantic field of sentiment inside the audit. Collocation is utilized, as is equivalent words ‘from underneath' rather than under; this is to show the writings convention. Antonyms ‘popular, fruitful', metaphorical language aswell ‘almost as though time has halted' and meanings ‘untouchable' (vampires) are totally utilized. Pragmatics influences a couple of angles, for example, the sub-content, ‘introduces legendary animals into our lives' which implies there are more than one way a peruser could take this and they will feel more charmed. Common comprehension I am utilizing words that recommend that the peruser would realize what I am discussing. There is similar sounding word usage inside my content. A genuine tone with some silliness is utilized; the content is intelligent to my subject of sentiment. There is an extraordinary profundity of the characters and of the film itself.

Hometown Heroes

Hometown Heroes While Im highlighting awesome MIT 09s Every summer, community newspapers across the country publish articles highlighting students as they head off to college. Ill often get emailed them, though this summer Ive only received one so far. If youre an MIT 09 and youve had an article written about you (or, parents, your son or daughter), send it along and Ill highlight it in a future entry! A little background: back in the summer of 2003, the MIT News Office did a series of these articles called Hometown Heroes, based on local, hometown news articles about students goign off to MIT. Most of these students were those normal students people always ask me about (i.e. Do any normal students get admitted to MIT, or do I have to cure cancer and save a child from a burning orphanage?). Anyway, the old series about the now rising juniors is worth a read. Back to the present day: this story was emailed along to me by Ellen Stordy, who is the Assistant to Dean Marilee Jones, with the comment Great story for the blog. If you know Ellen, you know the best thing to do is to do what she says so check out this article from the Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder, a newspaper focused on the African-American community in Minnesota. Academics come first for MIT-bound scholar Jeremy McGee began to show signs of genius at age three or four. After returning from visits to the grocery store with his mother, he would calculate the amount of cash she gave to the store clerk and the cash she received in return. Thus began his fascination with mathematics. [] Now, at age 17, he is preparing to attend the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to major in engineering and fulfill his dream of becoming a rocket scientist. That is my dream to become a rocket scientist. I can remember playing with this airplane that I had when I was four. I mean, I used to go out to the airport and watch planes take off and land. Its what I love to do, and its what I want to do for the rest of my life. [] I think its recognizing the responsibility, he says, especially like in my family in Georgia. My mom is a single parent. I have my little brother to take care of. I babysit 16 to 20 hours a week, like after school and things like that. I have to take my brother to some of the extra curricular activities that I do. I think its realizing whats important and what has to be done in order to succeed. I mean, you have to put the work in. Its hard, yes You have to just get up and do it; thats the biggest thing. Planning is good, but action is definitely what I concern myself with. [] Jeremy McGee credits his parents for instilling the importance of education in his life. He recalls long talks with his father on education being equivalent to success. Before my father passed away he would always lecture me, and we would always talk about how important it was to do well in school. [] McGee recalls time spent with family in Minnesota, who helped convince him that being an African American with talent was normal. Although he attended predominantly White public schools growing up in Arizona, he made huge connections with his African ancestry in his summer visits to Minnesota. I have been coming to Minnesota ever since I was nine, 10 years old, he says. I have to credit [stepmother Rose McGee] for this, and my dad, for introducing me to African culture and recognizing where we as a people are from its very humbling. Everybody in the community, they have all helped in shaping who I am now. I recognize that being Black is not about fulfilling stereotypes, but about succeeding and achieving while recognizing where you are from. Currently, McGee is giving back to the community by volunteering at the Arts-Us Enviro-Arts Summer Camp. The camp works with students ages 5-14. McGee gets his greatest joy from parents feedback on how their kids love working with him. Often the older kids ask his advice on high school courses and colleges. McGee said hes happy to offer them any assistance he can. I feel like its my duty to make an impact on the world, and if I dont, I will be disappointed in myself the most. Far from other peoples expectations, I feel that as a gifted Black individual its important to give back to the community and to the world. So thats basically my mission in life. [Read the entire article]

Consequences Of Liquidity Crisis On The Interbank Market Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Interbank markets are the mean for the liquidity management and the transmission of monetary policy. Actually they work as the markets that banks use, to trade among themselves in order to remain liquid and meet their liabilities. Interbank markets function with two ways within the financial system. Firstly they can be used from the central banks as their median to intervene and enforce their policies so to configure the desired interest rates. Secondly, a well organized interbank market enable the financial system to effectively circulate liquidity by transferring funds from financial institutions that face surplus to those that are in need of liquidity (Furfine, 2001).Therefore, policy makers are in deep concern about any malfunction in the interbank markets, even more in the case of a liquidity crisis within the interbank markets. Their worries refer in particular in the patterns followed from the interbank interest rate, as the performance of the later represent the marginal cost of funding among banks. In the case that interbank interest rates rise, banks will face a higher funding risk and their only response will be higher liquidity hoarding. Banks will prefer to hold more reserves, being reluctant to any potentially risky investment through interbank lending to other ins titutions that will possibly be affected by an ongoing financial instability. This fact will coincide to the failure of the interbank market to function successfully by allocating funds within the financial system and will conclude to an interbank market liquidity crisis. In addition to these effects an increase in counterparty risk and asymmetric information will cause an adverse selection problem in the interbank market, resulting in even more higher level of liquidity hoarding and in a severe impairment of the market possibly concluded in its total break-down (Heider et. al. 2009). This view comes in line with Flannery (1996), who observed that even if policy makers are well informed interbank markets can fail. The reason is that, during a crisis it is neither clear to the market participants, nor to the central bank how to distinguish an insolvent from an illiquid bank. As a result its creditworthiness is doubtful. Implicit in this the lending bank itself is unsecure about the creditworthiness of its counterparties (counterparty risk) so is unable to diversify its interbank lending portfolio across other assumed illiquid banks resulting in refraining from interbank lending and thus provoking liquidity crisis. Interbank activities among financial institutions will be limited and financial intermediation will collapse. This inability of banks to obtain the funds needed to maintain their business, failing to remain liquid and meet theirs depositors demands for withdraws and borrowing will generate a credit crunch with implications for the general economic stability. Interbank credit lines allow institutions to cope with liquidity problems while reduce the cost of maintaining reserves. At the same time though, they expose the financial system to the risk of coordination failure even if all the banks that participate are solvent. The systemic risk that arises throughout the interbank transactions is capable of generating a chain reaction to the whole economic system triggered by the default of only one bank. Meanwhile, Freixas et al (2000) went further to the reasons that cause liquidity crisis, pointed out that liquidity needs that set in function the interbank markets are generated from the uncertainty the consumers have, in where they want to consume. So in case that the depositors of one location wish to consume in another location and think that there will not be enough resources in that destination then their best response will be to withdraw deposits at their home location. This fact will trigger the early liquidation of the investment in the home location witch with backward induction will make it optimal for the depositors to other location, imitating the behavior of the formers. The consequences of this series of actions will be once more, the malfunction of the interbank market in a way that a small liquidity shock in one location may spread to the rest of the economy. It can be reasonably argued given the recent literature that interbank markets played a major role in the last liquidity crisis. The financial markets turmoil in the summer of 2007 caused by a severe subprime crisis in the U.S housing market set the alarm for the experts to re-appraise the phenomenon of financial crisis, as the liquidity problems that were provoked into the economic system were profound have never been met in the past. The events that led to the credit crunch of 2007 might have started from the housing markets but the combination of trade frictions, expected liquidity shortage and increase in the credit risk, was that triggered the most prolonged depression of all times. A series of events increased the funding risk of banks which with their turn responded with higher liquidity hoarding that resulted in even higher interest rates. The majority of interbank activities are conducting through overnight unsecured lending where there is no need for collateral and since this is the safest option for a lender to solve its liquidity problems. Thus, overnight rates are very sensitive to illiquid situations and any problem in the interbank market is being reflected firstly in them and afterwards to the rest of the markets. In the case of the crisis of 2007 such effects were witnessed with severe increases on overnight bank rated lending activities for both secured and unsecured markets (Acharya et al 2009) The event of the crisis of 2007 in asset backed securities[1]within the housing markets, affected the money markets and the interbank market as well. Market participants pursued to higher yields and turned into more risky and high leveraged investments as a consequence of a prolonged peaceful period characterized by financial stability with consistent and low interest rates since 2003. These reactions increased the market liquidity and encouraged investors to take positions in even more risky assets as the increasing liquidity reduced the interest rates volatility. Meanwhile, commercial banks have already adopted the model of the originate and distribute providing the money market with a whole new range of assets. The idea of the model originate and distribute, was to securitize and sell the loans on the financial markets allowing in this way the banks that initially granted the loans to diversify part of the risk by transferring it to the counterparties and gain back liquidity for further lending. Normally banks create separate entities the so called structured investment vehicles (SIV) which are dependent on the banks that originate them but do not appear on their balance sheet. These tools are responsible for the diversification of the risk as it spread among other parties contributing in this way to the financial stability. Nevertheless these functions require an effectively and correct asset pricing system along with accurate risk assessment and proper management. Always under the assumption, that the procedure of securitization does not change the incentives for ex ante screening and ex post monitoring. Unfortunately in the case of the crisis of 2007 none of the above mentioned assumptions obtained Uncertainty concerning the condition of the structural investment vehicles, which relied on the assets-based paper markets as the source of finance, forced the banks to consider possible support of their subsidiaries. Since the exact magnitude of the losses was initially unknown, the banks assumed the worst and acted as if they were facing an impending out of low of liquidity. Such behaviour constitutes a deviation from the rational expectations hypothesis since it is impossible for all the banks to become short of liquidity when aggregate liquidity does not change. (Kempa 2009) In that case of the suspended withdrawals from some of its hedge funds invested in sub-prime mortgagebacked securities due to the inability to mark these assets to market. The result was a freeze in the market for asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP), which caused rollover problems for structured investment vehicles (SIVs) and conduits set up by banks as off balance sheet vehicles for liquidity and regulatory arbitrage purposes. As the ABCP liquidity dried up, banks took assets from SIVs and conduits back on their balance sheets. The resulting uncertainty about the extent of such assets that banks would have to take back on balance sheets, the magnitude of losses banks faced, and whether they had enough capital to bear these losses affected not just capital markets but also the inter-bank market for borrowing and lending activities. The average interbank market interest rate which is the tool of operational policy, increased especially for the longer maturities along with the increase in rates volatility. There was when liquidity hoarding came into the spotlight when banks in their attempt to satisfy their reserves requirements started to hold cash beyond the necessary level, a fact that blocked the efficient allocation of liquidity among banks. This precautionary hoarding by some settlement banks raised lending rates for all settlement banks, following a chain result triggered of contagion style systemic risk. Thus, volatility in overnight interbank rates affected immediately rates in commercial banks having effects to the rest of the financial system. As pointed in Acharya et al (2009) the subprime crisis of 2007 was partly triggered from the liquidity crisis of the interbank market which in its turn was a result of precautionary hoarding of liquidity from the financial institutions due to their insecurity about their ability to lend or to be lent in the future. According to sources from the Bank of International Investments (BIS) only in the United Kingdom liquidity hoarding increased 30% in the period right after the 9th of August of 2007. Brunneti et al (2009) suggested that the sub-prime crisis has created serious liquidity issues for the interbank market. Banks, unsure about the depth of the problems on other banks balance sheets, have simply not been willing to lend to each other without substantial accommodations for counterparty risks. To counteract the resulting lack of liquidity in the interbank market, central banks have been proactive in injecting liquidity into the system. Regarding the channel through which the liquidity crisis affected the interbank markets, the European Central Bank (E.C.B 2007) official statement is that: The squeeze in the interbank money market reflected the fact that participants in the market became fearful about counter party credit risks and they also hoarded liquidity in case of unexpected need.

Perennial Philosophy And Science Of The Soul - 1230 Words

Introduction To comprehend the contours of perennial philosophy and to better understand how to interpret reality properly, it would be necessary to look into what Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger would suggest in order to establish a proper hermeneutics of interpreting the Scriptures. This paper will briefly discuss the areas of natural epistemology followed by analogy and participation and finally, Divine and human agency and the life of virtue. It will conclude by incorporating a summarization of the three areas into what Cardinal Ratzinger’s â€Å"Erasmus Lecture† hoped in hearing reality in light of modern views. The challenge for Ratzinger in understanding the proper interpretation of the Bible would derive from a â€Å"new freedom of thought which the Enlightenment had advanced† being encountered in today’s modern era. Natural Epistemology Etymologically speaking, psychology is the science of the soul. Following Aristotle’s view of what would belong to the science of the soul, a proper definition for psychology would be â€Å"the living being in so far as it is the principle of vital activities, in particular regarding those beings endowed with immanent activity or the power to move themselves, considered as such.† St. Thomas believed that psychology should be defined with respect to vital activity as a whole, understanding the distinction of living and nonliving is more basic than that of conscious and non-conscious. Aristotle develops his ideas using reason as a purelyShow MoreRelated The Rise Of Christianity Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesThe rise of Christianity in philosophy One influential cult was based upon a mystical interpretation of Plato. Neo-Platonism was like a rational science that attempted to break down and describe every aspect of the divine essence and its relationship with the human soul. An Alexandrian Jew named Philo tried using Greek philosophy to interpret the Jewish scriptures. He wanted to unite the two traditions by suggesting that the Greek philosophers had been inspired by the same God who had revealedRead MoreEssay on Changing Conceptions About What Emotion is939 Words   |  4 Pagesimmemorial, former sages and ancient scholars have initiated continuous discussion about it. A. A brief history of emotion before 19th century. Early stage of research about emotion can be represented roughly by Aristotelian western philosophy and Confucian eastern philosophy. 1) Aristotelian European philosophers’s opinion Before 20th century, people tend to have more qualitative and intuitive opinions about emotion; their social, culture and historical enviroments strongly influenced their theoriesRead MoreCritique of Jean Watsons Theory1312 Words   |  6 Pagesexpression of feelings and to experience those feelings for oneself’ (Walker, 1996, p. 992). It is much more than a scripted therapeutic response, it is a moral duty that rises from within the nurse, and Watson identifies nursing as both an art and a science. The first premise of this theory is that the more individual the feelings are, that the nurse transmits, the more strongly does the caring process affect the recipient (Walker, 1996). The two persons in a caring transaction are both in the processRead MoreViews of Swami Vivekananda in the Field of Education.2060 Words   |  9 Pageswhich purports to expound and analyze Vivekananda’s views on education, an endeavor has been made to focus on the basic theme of his philos ophy, viz. the spiritual unity of the universe. Whether it concerns the goal or aim of education, or its method of approach or its component parts, all his thoughts, we shall observe, stem from this dormant theme of his philosophy which has its moorings in Vedanta. A sculptor has a clear idea about what he wants to shape out of the marble block; similarly, a painterRead MoreReading Gandhi- Delhi University3075 Words   |  13 Pagesproviding the blue print of all kinds of revolutions. Though Gandhi wrote extensively, Hind Swaraj was his earliest text, in which he questioned the accepted myths and the truths of his times. The text is not only a tract on political methodology, philosophy or political movements; it is a statement of faith. Therefore, its relevance goes much beyond the time frame in which it was written. Gandhi wrote this short tract in 1909 originally in Gujarati on a return voyage from London to South AfricaRead MorePhilosophers and Scientists in Psychology2420 Words   |  10 Pagesproposed that not only body can influence mind, but that mind could also affect body. Renà © Descartes was a famous mathematician born in Touraine, France on March 31, 1596. Descartes was said to be the father of modern philosophy for his works in the fields of math, science and philosophy. At the age of 8 he attended the Royal College at La Flà ¨che where he was educated as a Jesuit scholar. The king established this school, which was a Jesuit college that was for the young nobility. At this point he hadRead MoreKant And Kant s Philosophy2023 Words   |  9 Pagesabout the wonders of the human perception. Through the power of imagination in the human mind Kant was able to postulate possible answers to the great questions of existence. He was daring and bold to wonder what constitutes the beauty of the human soul, how the existence of an all-powerful entity would be possible, and also what do human beings really do to perceive their surroundings. With such notable works as Critiques of Practical Reason, Metaphysics of Morals, and Critique of Judgement, KantRead Mor eMahatma Gandhi : The Hero Of The Indian Independence Struggle1723 Words   |  7 Pagesstrictly following even one of these values in one’s life, they will become a good person, and â€Å"Bad Karma† can be avoided. Mahatma Gandhi, originally named Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, says he was recognised and received the title â€Å"Mahatma† (meaning great soul) by following 2 of these virtues. He practiced â€Å"Ahimsa†-- meaning non violence of one s actions, words, and thoughts-- and â€Å"Satya†-- meaning truth. Mahatma Gandhi’s autobiography, titled The Story of My Experiments with Truth, is written completelyRead MoreThe Debate Over The Ontological Status Of The Good1843 Words   |  8 Pagesteaching to the classroom, he took to the streets of Athens to meet people and pupils in familiar converse showing himself as ready to learn as to teach. The method he used in teaching is now known as the Socrates method. According to Socrates, philoso phy is an ethical practice and an ethical need – that is the need to know and to be aware of one’s self and to develop as God intended: moving towards divinity (Olney, 1980). Correspondingly, Socrates says that knowledge is inborn. Virtue likewise isRead MoreEssay about The Role of Science, Ethics, and Faith in Modern Philosophy3606 Words   |  15 PagesThe Role of Science, Ethics, and Faith in Modern Philosophy ABSTRACT: Curiously, in the late twentieth century, even agnostic cosmologists like Stephen Hawking—who is often compared with Einstein—pose metascientific questions concerning a Creator and the cosmos, which science per se is unable to answer. Modern science of the brain, e.g. Roger Penroses Shadows of the Mind (1994), is only beginning to explore the relationship between the brain and the mind-the physiological and the epistemic

Book Summary, Notes, and Study Guide for Frankenstein

Frankenstein  was originally written by English author,  Mary Shelley (1797- 1851). Its complete title is  Frankenstein: or, the Modern Prometheus. It was first published anonymously in London on January 1, 1818. The second edition, under Shelleys name, was published in 1823.  A third  edition,  which included  a preface by Shelley and tribute to her late husband  who drowned in 1822, was published in 1831.  The book is a  Gothic novel  and  has also been called the first  science fiction  novel.   Author Mary Shelley was born in London August 30, 1797. She  developed the story of Frankenstein while on a summer trip to Switzerland in 1816  when she was twenty years old and  was traveling with her then married lover, Romantic poet  Percy Bysshe Shelley.   The story arose out of a competition between herself, Percy Shelley and their companions, Lord Byron and Byrons physician, John William Polidori, to write a tale about a supernatural occurrence. Mary initially struggled with an idea, but eventually, through listening to conversations between Percy and Lord Byron about attempts to reanimate corpses, current news stories, a dream, her imagination and own life experiences, a story emerged. According to Francine Prose, author of the introduction to a new illustrated  Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus, in the New Republic: One night, still puzzling over Byron’s assignment and trying to sleep, Mary had a vision in which she saw â€Å"the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he put together. I saw the hideous phantasm of a man stretched out, and then, on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life and stir with an uneasy, half-vital motion.† She lay awake, trying to imagine a story that would frighten the reader as much as she had been frightened, then realized that she had found it. â€Å"What terrified me will terrify others; and I need only describe the spectre which had haunted my midnight pillow. On the morrow I announced that I had thought of a story,† and set herself to making â€Å"a transcript of the grim terrors of my waking dream.†Ã‚   The book,  Frankenstein, was completed almost a year after their trip to Switzerland. Shortly after the  trip to Switzerland, Percy Shelleys pregnant wife committed suicide. Mary and Percy married soon thereafter, in 1818, but Marys life was marked by death and tragedy. Marys half-sister committed suicide soon after the trip to Switzerland, and Mary and Percy had three children who died in infancy before Percy Florence was born in 1819.   Setting The story begins in the icy northern waters where a captain is traveling to the North Pole. Events take place throughout Europe, in Scotland, England, and Switzerland. Characters Victor Frankenstein: The Swiss chemist who creates the monster. Robert Walton: The sea captain who rescues Victor from the ice. The Monster: The ugly creation of Frankenstein, who searches for companionship and love throughout the story. William: Victors brother. The monster murders William to punish Victor and sets the stage for more tragedy and torment for Victor. Justine Moritz: Adopted and loved by the Frankenstein family, Justine was convicted and executed for killing William. Plot Rescued by the sea captain, Frankenstein relays events that begin as he pieces together a man using old body parts. Once he manages to create the horrible being, however, Frankenstein regrets his action immediately and flees his home. When he returns, he finds the monster is gone. Shortly after, Frankenstein hears that his brother has been murdered. A series of tragic events follow as the monster searches for love  and Frankenstein suffers the consequences of his immoral act. Structure The novel is a frame story with a three-part structure. The Creatures story is the core of the novel, which is presented to us framed by Victor Frankensteins story, which in turn is framed by Robert Waltons narrative. Possible Themes This book raises many compelling themes and thought-provoking questions and is as relevant today as it was two-hundred years ago. The search for love reflects a strong theme in Shelleys own life. The monster knows he is horrid and will never be loved, although he attempts to find love several times. He is constantly rejected and disappointed. Frankenstein, himself, searches for happiness through love, but he meets with the tragic loss of several loves. Mary Shelley was the daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft, who was an early feminist.  Tragic, weak, women are portrayed in the story -- Frankenstein actually begins to make a second female monster, to provide companionship for his own first creation, but he then destroys it and dumps the remains in a lake; Frankensteins wife dies tragically, as does the accused Justine—but is this because Shelley actually believes women are weak or does their subjugation and absence send a different message? Perhaps it is because female autonomy and power are perceived as a threat to the male characters. Without the presence and influence of women, everything that is important to Frankenstein is destroyed in the end. The novel also speaks to the  nature of good and evil, what it means  to be human  and to  live morally.  Ã‚  It  confronts us with our  existential fears  and  explores the boundary between life and death. It causes us  to reflect on the limits and  responsibilities of scientists  and scientific inquiry, and to think about what it means  to play God, addressing human emotion and hubris. Resources and Further Reading How Frankensteins Monster Became Human, The New Republic,  https://newrepublic.com/article/134271/frankensteins-monster-became-human Its Alive! The Birth of Frankenstein,  National Geographic, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/archaeology-and-history/magazine/2017/07-08/birth_of_Frankenstein_Mary_Shelley/ Monstrosity and Feminism in Frankenstein, Electrastreet, https://electrastreet.net/2014/11/monstrosity-and-feminism-in-frankenstein/

Mgt7019-1 Different Perspectives of Drucker, Friedman and...

Abstract The purpose of this week’s assignment was to read three peer reviewed/scholarly journals and compare and contrast each author’s ethical perspective. The articles were: What is Business Ethics by Peter F. Drucker, 1981, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits by Milton Friedman, 1970 and The Relevance of Responsibility to Ethical Business Decisions by Patrick E. Murphy, 2010. Ethical Perspectives of Friedman, Drucker and Murphy Peter F. Drucker is known as the man who invented management. Drucker wrote many books on management and influenced the way business and industry thinks about management. â€Å"Peter F. Drucker was a writer, professor, management consultant†¦show more content†¦Drucker recommends the adoption of the five key concepts of Confucian ethics: â€Å"-clear definition of the fundamental relationships; -universal and general rules of conduct-that is, rules that are binding on any one person or organization, according to its rules, function, and relationships; -focus on right behavior rather than on avoiding wrongdoing, and on behavior rather than on motives or intentions; and finally, -an effective organization ethic, indeed an organization ethic that deserves to be seriously considered as ethics, will have to define right behavior as the behavior which optimizes each party’s benefits and thus makes the relationship harm onious, constructive, and mutually beneficial† (Drucker, pp. 35, 36). Several unforeseen problems exist with rule based ethics. These rules do not cover every scenario, and there may be pre-existing rules which overshadow or conflict with the rules. Individuals interpret rules in different ways, as was the case in the article with the lady who stole to feed her children as opposed to someone stealing just to be stealing. The second paper we will discuss is: â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits† by Milton Friedman, 1970. In order to understand the paper, we must first know who Milton Friedman was. â€Å"Milton Friedman played three roles in the

How Does Code Affect Our Lives - 1442 Words

The first is the way to go of development itself. This just implies an animal groups experiences hereditary change after some time. That is, over numerous eras an animal categories can develop into something very distinctive, and those distinctions depend on changes in the DNA, which begin as mutations.The second portion of transformative hypothesis is the real trick of gradualism. It takes numerous eras to deliver a generous transformative change, for example, the advancement of winged creatures from reptiles. The following two precepts are flip sides of the same coin. While there are numerous living species, every one of us you, me, the elephant, and the pruned prickly plant offer crucial attributes. Among these are the biochemical pathways that we use to create vitality, our standard four-letter DNA code, and how that code is perused and deciphered into proteins. This lets us know that each species backtracks to a solitary normal predecessor, a progenitor who had those regular characteristics and passed them on to its relatives. Be that as it may, if development implied just continuous hereditary change inside an animal varieties, we d have stand out species today a solitary exceedingly advanced relative of the principal species. However we have numerous: well more than ten million species occupy our planet today, and we know of a further quarter million as fossils. Life is different. How can this assorted qualities emerge from one hereditary structure? This requiresShow MoreRelatedA Study Of Human Social Relationships And Organisations Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesthe family to the state, diversity of race and social class to the beliefs in common cultures. The study of soc iology is to understand how human action and consciousness both shape and are shaped by surrounding cultural and social structures. Sociology you do not realise how much the subject covers and it explains important matters in our own personal lives, our communities and the world. At personal level, sociology looks at the social causes and consequences of such things as racial and genderRead MoreThe Code Of Hammurabi : How Does It Differ From The Past?1716 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is History? How does it differ from the past? These questions are asked by almost every Historian at some point in time. This essay will use the Code of Hammurabi to show that the actual past that historian attempt to obtain is not as important as the way it effects daily life, which creates history as we know it. It will look at the discrepancy between who created the document and who actually wrote it, the difference between why a document is important and why it survives, how the intent of theRead More School Dress Codes By Krystal Miller948 Words   |  4 Pages Ever thought that not having a school dress code could lead to violence over something so simple as to what a person might own or wear? To many people s surprise, school dress codes can be a very important topic to discuss at any and every public school. This essay will summarize, critique, and evaluate the article School Dress Codes by Krystal Miller. During the time period that the article was written, violence was beginning to become an issue in many large, urban cities. In Krystal MillerRead MoreThe And Controversial Ethical Conflicts1057 Words   |  5 Pagesof the most significant and controversial ethical conflicts in this novel occurs in the final section, probing the issue of suicide. A nuclear test has occurred and many people were badly injured by the blasts and radiation. Abbot Zerchi must decide how the church will respond to the affected people. A medical group called Green Star wishes to set up units in the abbey to treat the radiation victims. The church faces a problem because Green Star, in cases where radiation exposure is terminal, recommendsRead MoreSchool Dress Codes814 Words   |  4 PagesSchool dress codes have been a prominent topic of discussion the past few years. Largely, young girls and some school board members are fighting against these sexist codes that govern schools across the world today. Dress codes target young women by stating they should dress appropriately so they do not distract the male students. This leads to men thinking it’s acceptable to disrespect women, and also women feeling like what they wear is more important than their academics. This results in a numberRead MoreThe Genetic Disorder of Down Syndrome1238 Words   |  5 Pagesand many doctors still don’t even know what to call them. Some don’t even know they have a disease in them till its too late, or other know all there lives and some learn to live with the disease and others live every day in fear of getting even more sick and hurt. Genetic disorders are very common some more than others. Its all has to do with our 46 chromosomes. Genetic disorders can occur to anyone. Many people believe genetic disorders only happen to those who have family cases with genetic disordersRead MoreGender Discrimination And Its Effects On Children s Behavior And Personality1508 Words   |  7 Pagesnot give historical female figures enough credit for their accomplishments, dress codes that punish girls for their body’s at the risk of the male education, and gender stereotypes placed in schools that have a strong influence on children s behavior and personality. Some may argue against this claim by arguing that women are not given credibility in history books because of their treatment in the past, dress codes are placed to stop distracting boys, or that the treatment of children in schoolsRead MoreThe Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter Day Saints Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pagesnon-affiliate of the Church of Jesus Christ of L atter-day Saints, posted a critique of the patriarchal influence on Mormonism and how it affects the role of women in the church. Sheri L. Dew, a current member of the church that serves as the Relief Society General President, gave a speech was published on the Church’s official website. In this speech, Dew describes how Mormonism empowers women and emphasize the importance of their role. When analyzing conflicting sources, it is crucial to analyzeRead MoreFacial Hair Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagesfacial hair in our school, for some reasoning outside the realm of even our principal, the issue is a heinous act punishable to the fullest extent. Facial hair is a form of self expression and self identification in a young man’s life. When we see half the male population, and the ones we look up to have facial hair. It becomes a social construct in our lives that in essence affects how we see ourselves. It can create a self confidence in one who before had none. With this in mind our school has enforcedRead MoreJean Paul Sartre : Philosophy And The Existence Of God1516 Words   |  7 Pagesborn with a purpose, everything is random until he creates his essence due to sentient acts. Due to the belief that God does not exist, man is forced to choose and have free will. Sartre explains in Being and Nothingness, that â€Å"I am condemned to be free† (Part 4, chapter 1). By this statement Sartre is urging individuals to reject the idea that there is an authoritative moral code created by a God that provides rules and specific ways of living to achieve goals. This belief can make the act of decision

Disciples Are Created Free Essays

â€Å"So God created man in his image. † Man was given dominion over all creation and paradise for his sustenance and enjoyment. But to whom much is given, much is likewise asked. We will write a custom essay sample on Disciples Are Created or any similar topic only for you Order Now The forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge proved to be too difficult for Man to resist. That cost Man the loss of his paradise and banishment from heaven, in complete shame. He had truly fallen. God sent his Only Son to redeem Man. Jesus walked the earth and preached about God. From fishermen to a tax collector, Jesus created his own, chosen set of disciples. He said, â€Å"I did not come to call the righteous but sinners. † He had instructed them to continue His work when He has gone back to the Father. â€Å"Go, therefore, and make disciples from all nations. † Jesus died on the cross for Man. Man had sinned but Jesus led Man back to the Father. He had set the example for Man to follow. True discipleship is following God’s example of never giving up on Man’s fallibility. It is helping Man to rise from iniquity and taking the righteous path. His followers had betrayed Him like Judas and denied Him like Peter, yet He had it in His heart to forgive. He proclaimed, â€Å"Truly, I say to you, every sin will be forgiven humankind †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Whatever one’s status in life is, he may be made into a disciple. Simon Peter and Andrew were fishermen and Matthew was a tax collector. A disciple made from God’s own image follows His example. God forgave sin against Him. So must the disciple. The positive influence of God’s example to my personal ministry is to accept sinners and give them the second chances they need. How to cite Disciples Are Created, Papers

Spies free essay sample

The purpose of this essay is to determine if the British elites were deliberately promoting the public mind in favour of war against Germany by the use of spy novels, or have the British people shaped their own minds by keen interest in stories of espionage. This will be determined by examining the books Spies of Kaiser: Plotting the Downfall of England and The Invasion of 1910 with the full account of the siege of London by William Le Queux, Official Secret Act 1911, and few other sources in relation to this agenda. The essay supports that the public pro war mood was shaped by elite of Britain to gain more control, power and wealth. Before going further into presenting arguments, analysis, and evidence, the important background information about the author of the key sources needs to be examined. William Le Queux was author in late 19th and early 20th century who established the genre of future war fiction and spy novels (Oxford DNB, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Spies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His most influential works were ‘The invasion of 1910’ series, and Spies of Kaiser: Plotting the Downfall of England, which in a sense were responsible for the creation of Secret Service Bureau (ibid. . In his novels the hero was usually cosmopolitan, wealthy, adventurous, mysterious, and opportunist – all the qualities which he aspired in his own lifestyle due profits from his successful writings (ibid. ). The following is a description of Ray Raymond they key hero in the Spies of Kaiser: Plotting the Downfall of England â€Å"†¦Ray Raymond, the pipe-smoking elder son of a wealthy English family, who is currently practising as a barrister in London, having completed his studies at Oxford University† (Queux, 1996). However in reference to Roger T. Stearn the author of his biography â€Å"Le Queux’s own accounts of his life are unreliable, and little is known definitely† (Oxford DNB, 2006. ). Even thou in the introduction of his book Spies of Kaiser: Plotting the Downfall of England he claims that he writes facts, and the only fiction is the change of dates and names (Queux, 1996). In accordance to Le Queux own account he is well travelled and has good knowledge of police forces, criminology and is a spy hunter himself (Clarke, 1997). However Roger T. Stearn also claims that he was influential â€Å"Before and during the war, although criticized, Le Queux had been influential†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . In addition I. F. Clarke claims that Le Queux had friends among generals and even members of the parliament (Clarke, 1997). This information leads to suggest that the British elite could have used him as a tool to manipulate the publics’ view on Germany. As it was mentioned before Le Queux had friends in the parliament, and indirectly and without sufficient evidence it is possible that his spy novels has helped to create the Official Secrets Act 1911. Briefly the act states that alleged spy can be accused, prosecuted and convicted without actually showing any evidence of espionage (Swarb, 2006). The novels of Le Queux was creating the illusion of the common reader that German spies are all around Britain, which led for public to demand stronger security, therefore the government took advantage of the momentum to pass this legislation, which acquired them more power and control. I. F. Clarke supports the idea that the spy stories were used to manipulate public opinion â€Å"†¦the tale of imaginary warfare provided a remarkable means of estimating the rate of change in European attitudes to war during the nineteenth century (Clarke, 1967). Even though the just listed evidence suggest that the British people opinion on war and Germany was shifted ‘from above’, it is also understandable that the change of the mood was due to popular enthusiasm of the remarkable spy novels. It leads to the examination of factors which awakened public enthusiasm. Both The Invasion of 1910 with full account of the siege of London and Spies of Kaiser: Plotting the Downfall of England by William Le Queux are very detailed, possible in theory, and patriotic novels. Each novel is filled with existing roads, streets, hotels, and cities’ names, which are spread not only all over Britain, but also Germany, France, Russia, Poland and other countries. For instance here Ray Raymond, the key hero of Le Queux’s book Spies of Kaiser: Plotting the Downfall of England gives the directions â€Å"’We’re going down to Maldon, in Essex,’ Ray Raymond explained as we drove along in taxi-cab to Liverpool Street Station late one grey snowy afternoon soon after our return from Norfolk† (Queux, 1996). This gives a reader something to relate, and a spark of imagination that enemy spies might be cutting the telegraph wires, filling ammunition storages, or trying to explode the train or bridge next to his home in his village or city. People might start looking at every foreigner, and especially German with suspicion, and even the innocent action by them might look like some sort of espionage. In addition as it was mention previously the lifestyle of enemy spy hunters seems very attractive, and of keen purpose, which is to protect the motherland from invading foes. Therefore the reader might want the piece of that life, the life of James Bond and becomes an amateur spy hunter himself, as it was witnessed by Britain in early 20th century.

Criticism of Ecotourism free essay sample

Ecotourism (also known as ecological tourism) is responsible travel to fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas that strives to be low impact and (often) small scale. It purports to educate the traveller; provide funds for conservation; directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities; and foster respect for different cultures and for human rights. Ecotourism is held as important by those who participate in it so that future generations may experience aspects of the environment relatively untouched by human intervention. Most serious studies of ecotourism including several university programs now use this as the working definition. Definitional problems and greenwashing Part of the problem, a clear definition must delineate what is, and is not, ecotourism. Ideally, ecotourism satisfies several general criteria, including the conservation of biological diversity and cultural diversity through ecosystem protection, promotion of sustainable use of biodiversity, share of social-economic benefits with local communities through informed consent and participation, increase in environmental and cultural knowledge, affordability and reduced waste, and minimization of its own environmental impact. [5][6] In such ways, it contributes to the long term benefits to both the environment and local communities. However, in the continuum of tourism activities that stretch from conventional tourism to ecotourism proper, there has been a lot of contention to the limit at which biodiversity preservation, local social-economic benefits, and environmental impact can be considered ecotourism. For this reason, environmentalists, special interest groups, and governments define ecotourism differently. Environmental organizations have generally insisted that ecotourism is nature-based, sustainably managed, conservation supporting, and environmentally educated. 5][9] The tourist industry and governments, however, focus more on the product aspect, treating ecotourism as equivalent to any sort of tourism based in nature. [5] As a further complication, many terms are used under the rubric of ecotourism. [5][5] Nature tourism, low impact tourism, green tourism, bio-tourism, ecologically responsible tourism, and others have been used in literature and marketing, although they are not necessary synonymous wi th ecotourism. [5] The problems associated with defining ecotourism have led to confusion among tourists and cademics alike. Definitional problems are also subject of considerable public controversy and concern because of green washing, a trend towards the commercialization of tourism schemes disguised as sustainable, nature based, and environmentally friendly ecotourism. According to McLaren,[5] these schemes are environmentally destructive, economically exploitative, and culturally insensitive at its worst. They are also morally disconcerting because they mislead tourists and manipulate their concerns for the environment. 10] The development and success of such large scale, energy intensive, and ecologically unsustainable schemes are a testament to the tremendous profits associated with being labeled as ecotourism. [edit]Negative impact of tourism Ecotourism has become one of the fastest-growing sectors of the tourism industry, growing annually by 10-15% worldwide (Miller, 2007). One definition of ecotourism is â€Å"the practice of low-impact, educational, ecologically and culturally sensitive travel that benefits local communities and host countries† (Honey, 1999). Many of the ecotourism projects are not meeting these standards. Even if some of the guidelines are being executed, the local communities are still facing other negative impacts. South Africa is one of the countries that are reaping significant economic benefits from ecotourism, but negative effects including forcing people to leave their homes, gross violations of fundamental rights, and environmental hazards far outweigh the medium-term economic benefits (Miller, 2007). A tremendous amount of money is being spent and human resources continue to be used for ecotourism despite unsuccessful outcomes, and even more money is put into public relation campaigns to dilute the effects of criticism. Ecotourism channels resources away from other projects that could contribute more sustainable and realistic solutions to pressing social and environmental problems. â€Å"The money tourism can generate often ties parks and managements to eco-tourism† (Walpole et al. 2001). But there is a tension in this relationship because eco-tourism often causes conflict and changes in land-use rights, fails to deliver promises of community-level benefits, damages environments, and has plenty of other social impacts. Indeed many argue repeatedly that eco-tourism is neither ecologically nor socially beneficial, yet it persists as a strategy for conservation and development (West, 2006). While several studies are being done on ways to improve the ecotourism structure, some argue that these examples provide rationale for stopping it altogether. The ecotourism system exercises tremendous financial and political influence. The evidence above shows that a strong case exists for restraining such activities in certain locations. Funding could be used for field studies aimed at finding alternative solutions to tourism and the diverse problems Africa faces in result of urbanization, industrialization, and the over exploitation of agriculture (Kamuaro, 2007). At the local level, ecotourism has become a source of conflict over control of land, resources, and tourism profits. In this case, ecotourism has harmed the environment and local people, and has led to conflicts over profit distribution. In a perfect world more efforts would be made towards educating tourists of the environmental and social effects of their travels. Very few regulations or laws stand in place as boundaries for the investors in ecotourism. These should be implemented to prohibit the promotion of unsustainable ecotourism projects and materials which project false images of destinations, demeaning local and indigenous cultures. [edit]Direct environmental impacts Ecotourism operations occasionally fail to live up to conservation ideals. It is sometimes overlooked that ecotourism is a highly consumer-centered activity, and that environmental conservation is a means to further economic growth. 11] Although ecotourism is intended for small groups, even a modest increase in population, however temporary, puts extra pressure on the local environment and necessitates the development of additional infrastructure and amenities. The construction of water treatment plants, sanitation facilities, and lodges come with the exploitation of non-renewable energy sources and the utilization of already limited local resources. [12] The conversion of natural land to such tourist infrastructure is implicated in deforestation and habitat deterioration of butterflies in Mexico and squirrel monkeys in Costa Rica. 13] In other cases, the environment suffers because local communities are unable to meet the infrastructure demands of ecotourism. The lack of adequate sanitation facilities in many East African parks results in the disposal of campsite sewage in rivers, contaminating the wildlife, livestock, and people who draw drinking water from it. Aside from environmental degradation with tourist infrastructure, population pressures from ecotourism also leaves behind garbage and pollution associated with the Western lifestyle. 14] Although ecotourists claim to be educationally sophisticated and environmentally concerned, they rarely understand the ecological consequences of their visits and how their day-to-day activities append physical impacts on the environment. As one scientist observes, they rarely acknowledge how the meals they eat, the toilets they flush, the water they drink, and so on, are all part of broader regional economic and ecological systems they are helping to reconfigure with their very activities. [5] Nor do ecotourists recognize the great consumption of non-renewable energy required to arrive at their destination, which is typically more remote than conventional tourism destinations. For instance, an exotic journey to a place 10,000 kilometers away consumes about 700 liters of fuel per person. [15] Ecotour ism activities are, in of itself, issues in environmental impact because they disturb fauna and flora. Ecotourists believe that because they are only taking pictures and leaving footprints, they keep ecotourism sites pristine, but even harmless sounding activities such as a nature hike can be ecologically destructive. In the Annapurna Circuit in Nepal, ecotourists have worn down the marked trails and created alternate routes, contributing to soil impaction, erosion, and plant damage. [5] Where the ecotourism activity involves wildlife viewing, it can scare away animals, disrupt their feeding and nesting sites,[5] or acclimate them to the presence of people. [5] In Kenya, wildlife-observer disruption drives cheetahs off their reserves, increasing the risk of inbreeding and further endangering the species. [5] [edit]Environmental hazards This article is written like a personal reflection or essay and may require cleanup. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. (December 2007) The industrialization, urbanization, and unsustainable agriculture practices of human society are considered to be having a serious effect on the environment. Ecotourism is now also considered to be playing a role in this depletion. While the term ecotourism may sound relatively benign, one of its most serious impacts is its consumption of virgin territories (Kamuaro, 2007). These invasions often include deforestation, disruption of ecological life systems and various forms of pollution, all of which contribute to environmental degradation. The number of motor vehicles crossing the park increases as tour drivers search for rare species. The number of roads has disrupted the grass cover which has serious effects on plant and animal species. These areas also have a higher rate of disturbances and invasive species because of all the traffic moving off the beaten path into new undiscovered areas (Kamuaro, 2007). Ecotourism also has an effect on species through the value placed on them. â€Å"Certain species have gone from being little known or valued by local people to being highly valued commodities. The commodification of plants may erase their social value and lead to overproduction within protected areas. Local people and their images can also be turned into commodities† (West, 2006). Kamuaro brings up a relatively obvious contradiction, any commercial venture into unspoiled, pristine land with or without the â€Å"eco† prefix as a contradiction in terms. To generate revenue you have to have a high number of traffic, tourists, which inevitably means a higher pressure on the environment. [edit]Local people Most forms of ecotourism are owned by foreign investors and corporations that provide few benefits to local communities. An overwhelming majority of profits are put into the pockets of investors instead of reinvestment into the local economy or environmental protection. The limited numbers of local people who are employed in the economy enter at its lowest level, and are unable to live in tourist areas because of meager wages and a two market system. [5] In some cases, the resentment by local people results in environmental degradation. As a highly publicized case, the Masai nomads in Kenya killed wildlife in national parks to show aversion to unfair compensation terms and displacement from traditional lands. 16] The lack of economic opportunities for local people also constrains them to degrade the environment as a means of sustenance. [5] The presence of affluent ecotourists encourage the development of destructive markets in wildlife souvenirs, such as the sale of coral trinkets on tropical islands and animal products in Asia, contributing to illegal harvesting and poaching from the environment. In Suriname, sea turtle reserves use a very large portion of their budget to guard against these destructive activities. [edit]Displacement of people One of the most powerful examples of communities being moved in order to create a park is the story of the Masai. About 70% of national parks and game reserves in East Africa are on Masai land (Kamuaro, 2007). The first undesirable impact of tourism was that of the extent of land lost from the Masai culture. Local and national governments took advantage of the Masai’s ignorance on the situation and robbed them of huge chunks of grazing land, putting to risk their only socio-economic livelihood. In Kenya the Masai also have not gained any economic benefits. Despite the loss of their land, employment favours better educated workers. Furthermore the investors in this area are not local and have not put profits back into local economy. In some cases game reserves can be created without informing or consulting local people, who come to find out about the situation when an eviction notice is delivered (Kamuaro, 2007). Another source of resentment is the manipulation of the local people by their government. â€Å"Eco-tourism works to create simplistic images of local people and their uses and understandings of their surroundings. Through the lens of these simplified images, officials direct policies and projects towards the local people and the local people are blamed if the projects fail† (West, 2006). Clearly tourism as a trade is not empowering the local people who make it rich and satisfying. Instead ecotourism exploits and depletes, particularly in African Masai tribes. It has to be reoriented if it is to be useful to local communities and to become sustainable (Kamuaro, 2007). [edit]Threats to indigenous cultures Ecotourism often claims that it preserves and â€Å"enhances† local cultures. However, evidence shows that with the establishment of protected areas local people have illegally lost their homes, and most often with no compensation (Kamuaro, 2007). Pushing people onto marginal lands with harsh climates, poor soils, lack of water, and infested with livestock and disease does little to enhance livelihoods even when a proportion of ecotourism profits are directed back into the community. The establishment of parks can create harsh survival realities and deprive the people of their traditional use of land and natural resources. Ethnic groups are increasingly being seen as a â€Å"backdrop† to the scenery and wildlife. The local people struggle for cultural survival and freedom of cultural expression while being â€Å"observed† by tourists. Local indigenous people also have strong resentment towards the change, â€Å"Tourism has been allowed to develop with virtually no controls. Too many lodges have been built, too much firewood is being used and no limits are being placed on tourism vehicles. They regularly drive off-track and harass the wildlife. Their vehicle tracks criss-cross the entire Masai Mara. Inevitably the bush is becoming eroded and degraded† (Kamuaro, 2007). [edit]Mismanagement While governments are typically entrusted with the administration and enforcement of environmental protection, they often lack the commitment or capability to manage ecotourism sites effectively. The regulations for environmental protection may be vaguely defined, costly to implement, hard to enforce, and uncertain in effectiveness. [17] Government regulatory agencies, as political bodies, are susceptible to making decisions that spend budget on politically beneficial but environmentally unproductive projects. Because of prestige and conspicuousness, the construction of an attractive visitors center at an ecotourism site may take precedence over more pressing environmental concerns like acquiring habitat, protecting endemic species, and removing invasive ones. [5] Finally, influential groups can pressure and sway the interests of the government to their favor. The government and its regulators can become vested in the benefits of the ecotourism industry which they are supposed to regulate, causing restrictive environmental regulations and enforcement to become more lenient. Management of ecotourism sites by private ecotourism companies offers an alternative to the cost of regulation and deficiency of government agencies. It is believed that these companies have a self interest in limited environmental degradation, because tourists will pay more for pristine environments, which translates to higher profit. However, theory indicates that this practice is not economically feasible and will fail to manage the environment. The model of monopolistic competition states that distinctiveness will entail profits, but profits will promote imitation. A company that protects its ecotourism sites is able to charge a premium for the novel experience and pristine environment. But when other companies view the success of this approach, they also enter the market with similar practices, increasing competition and reducing demand. Eventually, the demand will be reduced until the economic profit is zero. A cost-benefit analysis shows that the company bears the cost of environmental protection without receiving the gains. Without economic incentive, the whole premise of self interest through environmental protection is quashed; instead, ecotourism companies will minimize environment related expenses and maximize tourism demand. [5] The tragedy of the commons offers another model for economic unsustainability from environmental protection, in ecotourism sites utilized by many companies. [18] Although there is a communal incentive to protect the environment, maximizing the benefits in the long run, a company will conclude that it is in their best interest to utilize the ecotourism site beyond its sustainable level. By increasing the number of ecotourists, for instance, a company gains all the economic benefit while paying only a part of the environmental cost. In the same way, a company recognizes that there is no incentive to actively protect the environment; they bear all the costs, while the benefits are shared by all other companies. The result, again, is mismanagement. Taken together, the mobility of foreign investment and lack of economic incentive for environmental protection means that ecotourism companies are disposed to establishing themselves in new sites once their existing one is sufficiently degraded.

Samples of Essay Writing in IELTS - Learn What to Do

Samples of Essay Writing in IELTS - Learn What to DoStudents who are also studying for exams and papers in IELTS will be most benefited by knowing how to start making use of samples of essay writing in IELTS. Preparing a work sample or a sample essay is a must for students. Here is what you need to do if you want to make good use of this practice.If you are considering working on your sample writing, you will have to make sure that you first learn how to write a quality piece of writing. There are a lot of writers out there, and they all have different styles. It is important that you learn the basic writing style so that you know how to properly address various different types of queries. You may encounter queries that involve biographical data, where the name and location of the writer are not provided. There are some writers who deal with the personal aspects of the subject in their writings, and therefore you will have to find out what these writers are doing to make use of the s amples of essay writing in IELTS.One great benefit of using these samples is that it can be used for several years. They can be helpful in both preparing a thorough research work and a strong proposal. The writing sample will cover your entire course, as well as help you improve your skills. Moreover, you can always go back to these samples when you are in the midst of a difficult project.This practice can also help students prepare for their examinations. Writing sample essays can be very useful when students are asked to solve difficult problems. Writing a good essay will set off a chain reaction, and students will enjoy the experience greatly. Writing sample essays can help students learn the right approach to make a good research work, and make an effective proposal.There are a lot of online websites where students can learn how to create such essays. A lot of websites offer the option of writing sample essays. It can be a great experience to work with samples of essay writing i n IELTS. These samples will enable you to get good writing guidelines and use them to design your essays. Some sites also provide templates that you can use, in case you have difficulty coming up with an essay of your own.These samples of essay writing in IELTS will also be useful if you want to improve your English skills. Writing a good essay involves knowing what you should say in certain situations. It is always best to ask for some help from an expert, so that you get the best idea about the important parts of the essay.An essay that has been written using the samples of essay writing in IELTS will show many of the things that you need to look out for when you are writing a research work. It will give you the idea of what you need to do in order to produce a truly brilliant piece of writing.

America Besieged 2

America Besieged 2 Gaizutis-1 America Besieged By Michael Gaizutis "" ¦One nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all"  (Commentary). Our nation has been attacked; but we will not be divided. We have been threatened, and remain in fear; but we will retaliate. Justice will prevail; and our nation will stand strong. Now is the time to contemplate solutions. As a United States Citizen, you are obligated to help your nation in unifying with your fellow citizens. You are also required to stay opinionated, remain perceptive, and without a doubt, offer to condole anyone in need. Along with condoling, you must also be reflecting on ways to help our nation continue to thrive. As a result, this nation of ours will continue to remain strong, and other countries will follow in our footsteps.The act of terrorism that took place on the United States of America on September 11th, 2001, had everyone in a state of mass confusion.Cabinet Terrorism Drill

black in hollywood essays

black in hollywood essays Film critics, industry flaks, and even some black entertainers have tumbled over themselves shouting the praises of Hollywood for picking three blacks for its top awards. They repeatedly toss around the words history-making to describe the feat. It isnt. In 1973, Cicely Tyson and Paul Winfield in Sounder, and Diana Ross in Lady Sings the Blues were nominated for the leading awards. And during most of the 1990s blacks have often been nominated for best acting and supporting acting roles. Five have won Oscars for supporting roles. An industry spokesperson quickly shot back that this was guesswork, and that no one knows or cares what the racial identities of the Academy voters are, and that their vote for Smith, Washington, and Berry proved that the voters are race-neutral. But Hollywood isnt. In the 74 years that the Academy has showered its top awards on its leading lights, exclusive of the Poitier best male actor award, blacks have fared dismally on and after Oscar night in Hollywood: Barely two percent of the nearly 300 Oscar awardees have been black. Hattie McDaniel, who won the best supporting actress award for her role as a maid in Gone With The Wind in 1939, was barred from the whites only premier of the film in Atlanta. Only one black has been nominated for a best film director award. No blacks have been nominated for a best film writer award. Blacks are still grossly underrepresented in the Directors and Writers Guilds, and the 4,000-member union local that includes decorators and property managers. Then there are the parts that garnered much critical praise for Washington, Smith, and Berry, and that got them their Academy nods. The roles of W ashington, as a foul-mouthed, rogue cop, Smith as the clowning Ali, and Berry as a sexually lustful widow skirt the thin line between knockout dramatic excellence and reinforcing the stereo...